The European Union Restricts the Sale of Microplastics Added to Consumer Products

For many people, makeup is part of a daily ritual. Whether it’s for a celebration, a gathering, an activity, or simply as a form of self-expression, applying makeup can become a moment of connection and creativity. Its colors, textures, and finishes not only serve an aesthetic purpose but also allow people to express their identity, emotions, and even values.

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However, the cosmetics industry faces new regulatory challenges. In October 2023, the European Commission adopted a regulation restricting the sale of intentionally added microplastics in various products within the European Union, including certain cosmetics, detergents, fertilizers, and other consumer goods.

The measure, incorporated into the regulations REACH, establishes phased restrictions with different transition periods depending on the type of product. Its goal is to reduce the release of synthetic polymer microparticles into the environment and promote the development of more sustainable alternatives, as part of the European strategy to reduce pollution and move toward long-term climate and environmental goals.

As a consumer, you probably haven’t considered the environmental impact that the glitter found in some makeup products can have. Cosmetic glitter can be made from various materials, such as regenerated cellulose, mica, glass, or synthetic polymers. The latter are microplastics that are intentionally added and valued by the industry for their low cost, versatility, and ability to incorporate color and reflective effects.

These types of particles can be found in highlighters, shimmery eyeshadows, nail polishes, and other products designed to create a sparkle or luminous effect. After use, when these products are removed with water or makeup removers, these microparticles can enter sewer systems. Because of their small size and persistence, they are not always completely captured during wastewater treatment processes, which allows them to reach rivers, lakes, and oceans.

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In addition, some of it may be retained in the sewage sludge generated by wastewater treatment plants. In some cases, this sludge is reused as fertilizer on agricultural land, which opens up another potential route of environmental dispersion.

Due to their environmental impact, the European Union adopted a restriction on microplastics intentionally added to products sold within its territory. The measure does not ban all cosmetic glitters, but specifically those made with synthetic polymers that meet the definition of microplastics. Therefore, alternatives formulated with inorganic materials such as glass or certain minerals, as well as biodegradable or water-soluble options that comply with current regulations, are still permitted.

To prevent the unnecessary generation of waste, the regulation provides for transition periods. Products manufactured before the regulation takes effect may continue to be sold until existing inventory is depleted, and in some cases must include labeling that discloses the presence of microplastics. Depending on the product category, the transition periods may extend until October 16, 2035.

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What are the options for biodegradable glitter?

In 2021, a team of researchers from the University of Cambridgein the United Kingdom developed a sustainable alternative to conventional glitter. It is a material made from cellulose nanocrystals derived from the cell walls of plants, fruits, and vegetables. This product stands out for being biodegradable and plant-based.

Unlike traditional plastic glitter, which uses synthetic pigments and polymers, this alternative produces color through a phenomenon known as structural color. In other words, it does not rely on artificial dyes, but rather on the way the material’s microscopic structure interacts with light, producing intense, brilliant hues similar to those seen on butterfly wings or peacock feathers.

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The manufacturing process uses self-assembly techniques to form cellulose films, which are then ground into particles of the appropriate size to serve as glitter or effect pigment. According to its developers, this method can be scaled up for industrial production and would require less energy than conventional plastic-based processes.

In addition to this innovation, other alternatives are being developed, including glitters made from minerals, glass, or other biodegradable materials. The advancement of these technologies reflects a growing concern for reducing the environmental impact of the cosmetics industry and moving toward more environmentally responsible solutions.

For those looking for more responsible makeup alternatives, you can explore cruelty-free options with natural ingredients, such as the brand Zao Makeup, available in the Te Protejo listings. Learn more about this and other certified brands on the website.